JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH SCIENCES - Volume 1 Issue 1, (Apr-Jun, 2021)
Pages: 39-45
How safe is Drinking Water in Kashmir valley, India?
Roomi Yusuf, Rehana Kausar, Saleem Ur Rehman, Afshan Abdullah Lone
Category: Public Health
Download PDF
Abstract:
Introduction: Availability and accessibility of safe drinking water is an important prerequisite for health and development. In developing countries, biological contamination of drinking water is a major concern for public health activities. Material & Methods: The aim of study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water from different districts of Kashmir valley. A total of 625 samples were collected from various sources across 8 districts and the samples were analyzed for presumptive coliform count by Multiple Tube Method. Results: Out of 625 samples, 410 (65.6%) were found to be unfit for human consumption {unsatisfactory (399) suspicious (11)}. Out of 410 samples, 231 were from tap water, 77 from tube wells, 52 from springs, 41 from reservoirs, 2 from bore-wells, and 7 from filtration plants. Conclusion: Bacteriological assessment of all sources of drinking water should be planned and done regularly so as to prevent mortality and morbidity due to water borne diseases.
Keywords: water quality, MPN count, biological contamination, drinking water, public health
References:
[1] K. Park, Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine.25th edition. Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, (2005) 1-2.
[2] Sidhu S, Malhotra S, Devi P, Gupta A, Bacteriological analysis of the drinking water from different schools in Northern India: A concern in developing countries: Int J Med Res Rev 2016;4(4):630-634.doi: 10.17511/ijmrr.2016.i04.26.
[3] Kotwal A, Singh H, Verma AK, Gupta RM, Jain S, Sinha S, et al. A study of hepatitis A and E virus seropositivity profile amongst young healthy adults in India. Med J Armed Forces India. 2014; 70:225–29. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2014.06.016.
[4] World Health Organization. Hepatitis A Geneva: WHO; 2017. Available from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/Fs328/en/ (cited October 24, 2017)
[5] Kadri SM, Rehman SU, Rehana K, Benetou DR, Ahmad DF, Abdullah A, Chattu VK. Hepatitis A and E Outbreak Surveillance during 2015-2017 in Kashmir, India: Is the Water to Blame? J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2018 Dec; 8(3-4):203-207. doi: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.04.101. PMID: 30864764; PMCID: PMC7377564.
[6] Malhotra S, Sidhu SK, Devi P. Assessment of bacteriological quality of drinking water from various sources in Amritsar district of northern India. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015 Aug 29; 9(8):844-8. doi: 10.3855/jidc.6010. PMID: 26322876.
[7] J Kumar G (2014). Necessity of bottled water industry in India: Some facts Chem Sci Rev Lett3:799-806.
[8] Gadgil A. E coli as an indicator of bacterial quality of water: an overview, Drinking water in developing countries. Annu R EV Energy, Environ 1998; 23:253-86.
[9] Stephen T. Odonkor, Jospeh K ampofo.E coli as an indicator of bacteriological quality of water: An overview April 2013. Microbiology Research 4(1)DOI: 10.4081/mr.2013.e2 [10] Bacteriological quality of drinking water in Golaghat District assam India. Madhab Borah, Joydev Dutta, abani Kumar Mishra.
[11] WHO, guidelines for drinking water quality. Vol.1, Geneva, World Health Organisation. 1993, pp. 1- 29
[12] Tillett HE. Most probable numbers of organisms: revised tables for the multiple tube method. Epidemiol Infect. 1987 Oct; 99(2):471-6. [PubMed]
[13] Mackie TJ, McCartney JE. Practical Medical Microbiology. Churchill Livingstone (14th Edition) Medical Division of Pearls Professional Limited. Longman Singapore Publishers Ltd.Mackie TJ, Mc-Cartney JE, Practical Medical Microbiology. Churchill Livingstone (14th edition) Medical division of Pearls Professional Limited. Longman Singapore Publishers LTD
[14] S Goel, R Sood, S Mazta, P Bansal, A Gupta. Bacteriological Quality of Water Samples of a Tertiary Care Medical Center Campus in North Western Himalayan Region of India. The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine. 2006 Volume 5. Number 1.
[15] Deepesh Kumar, Shurutikirti Malik, Molly Madan. Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water by MPN Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital and Adjoining Area Western UP, India .IOSR Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume 4, Issue 3 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 17-22 www.Iosrjournals.org
[16] Saleem-ur-Rehman, Rehana Kausar, S.M. Kadri. Evaluation of coliforms in tap water of forty one towns of ten districts of Kashmir valley, IJPD Vol. 7 Issue 1.
[17] Nogueria G, Santana RG, Nakamura CU. Microbiological quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities. Revista de Saude Publica 2003; 37(2):232-6.
[18] Hassina FR, Qureshi NA. Assesment of drinking water quality of a coastal village of Karachi (Pakistan). Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 2004; 47(5); 370-5.
[19] Annette Prüss, David Kay, Lorna Fewtrell, and Jamie Bartram. Estimating the Burden of Disease from Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene at a Global Level. Environmental Health Perspectives • VOLUME 110 | NUMBER 5 | May 2002
[20] Government of India 2014. Annual Report 2013-14, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, New Delhi.
[21] Govt of India 2014, Swatch Bharat Mission (Grameen) Guidelines, Ministry of Drinking Water and sanitation, New Delhi.
DOI: 2021.1106
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.53626/JIMRHS.2021.1106
|